Medical Physics

BM 6401 MEDICAL PHYSICS (2013 Regulation)

UNIT I NON IONIZING RADIATION AND ITS MEDICAL APPLICATION

Non-ionizing Electromagnetic Radiation: Overview of non-ionizing radiation effects-Low Frequency Effects- Higher frequency effects. Physics of light, Measurement of light and its unit- limits of vision and color vision an overview, Thermography– Application.

UNIT II SOUND IN MEDICINE

Physics of sound, Normal sound levels –ultrasound fundamentals – Generation of ultrasound (Ultrasound Transducer) - Interaction of Ultrasound with matter; Cavitations, Reflection, Transmission-Scanning systems – Artefacts- Ultrasound- Doppler-Double Doppler shift-Clinical Applications

UNIT III PRINCIPLES OF RADIOACTIVE NUCLIDES

Radioactive Decay – Spontaneous Emission – Isometric Transition – Gamma ray emission, alpha,beta, Positron decay, electron capture, Sources of Radioisotopes Natural and Artificial radioactivity,Radionuclide used in Medicine and Technology ,Decay series, Production of radionuclides –Cyclotron produced Radionuclide- Reactor produced Radio- nuclide-fission and electron Capturereaction, radionuclide Generator-Technetium generator.

UNIT IV INTERACTION OF RADIATION WITH MATTER

Interaction of charged particles with matter –Specific ionization, Linear energy transfer range,Bremsstrahlung, Annihilation,Interaction of X and Gamma radiation with matter- Photoelectric effect,Compton Scattering , Pair production, Attenuation of Gamma Radiation ,Interaction of neutron with matter and their clinical significance.

UNIT V BASIC RADIATION QUANTITIES

Introduction -exposure- Inverse square law-KERMA-Kerma and absorbed dose –stopping power -relationship between the dosimetric quantities - Bremsstrahlung radiation, Bragg’s curve- concept of LD 50- Stochastic and Non-stochastic effects, Different radiation Unit, Roentgen, gray, Sievert.

 MEDICAL PHYSICS 

BM 2201 Medical Physics Syllabus (Regulation 2008)
UNIT I ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM AND ITS MEDICAL APPLICATION
Light - Physics of light, Intensity of light, limits of Vision and color vision Sound -Physics of sound , Normal sound levels – Ultrasound fundamentals- Generation of ultrasound ( Ultrasound Transducer) – Interaction of Ultrasound with Materials-Reflection and Refraction – Absorption and Scattering Non- ionizing Electromagnetic Radiation. Tissue as a leaky dielectric – Relaxation Processes – Overview of non – ionizing
radiation effects -Low Frequency Effect – Higher frequency effect.

UNIT II  RADIOACTIVE DECAY
 Spontaneous Emission – Isomeric Transition - Gamma ray -emission, alpha, beta, positron decay, electron capture Principles of Nuclear Physics- Natural radioactivity, Decay series,Half life period, type of radiation and their applications. Production of radionuclides – Cyclotron produced Radionuclide -Reactor produced Radionuclide – fission and electron Capture reaction, Radionuclide Generator – Milking Process - Linear accelerator , Radionuclide used in Medicine and technology.

UNIT III INTERACTION OF RADIATION WITH MATTER 
Interaction of charged particles with matter – Specific ionization , linear energy Transfer Range, Bremsstrahlung , Annihilation Interaction of Gamma radiations with matter – Photoelectric effect, Compton Scattering , pair Production, Attenuation of Gamma Radiation, Interaction of neuron with matter

UNIT IV PHYSICS OF CARDIOPULMONARY SYSTEM 
The Airways, - blood and lung interaction – measurement of lung volume – pressure air flow volume relation ships of lungs – physics of alveoli – the breathing mechanism –Major components of cardiovascular system – O2 and CO2 exchange in the capillary system – Physical activity of heart – transmural pressure – Bernolli’s principles applied to cardiovascular system - Blood flow – laminar and turbulent

UNIT V RADIATION EFFECTS 
Acute Radiation Effects - The concept of LD 50 – Radiation syndromes- Central nervous system syndrome - Gastro-intestinal syndrome –Bone Marrow syndrome Delayed Effects of Radiation - Stochastic and Deterministic effects – Late Deterministic effect in different organs and tissues.

TEXT BOOKS
1. B.H Brown , PV Law ford, R H Small wood , D R Hose , D C Barber , “Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering”, CRC Press, 1999.
2. Gopal B.Saha “Physics and Radiobiology of Nuclear Medicine” Springer, 3rd ed, 2006.